Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue - Introduction. Cartilage and subchondral bone damage can be caused by a variety of conditions, such as trauma, arthritis, and sports-related injuries. 1,2, 3,4 It has been reported that 60% of patients examined by knee arthroscopy exhibit cartilage damage, and ~15% of people over 60 years old have some clinical symptoms of such …

 
Find an answer to your question Why does healing occur faster in bone tissue than in cartilage? Why does healing occur faster in bone tissue than in cartilage? - brainly.com See what teachers have to say about Brainly's new learning tools!. Luna italian cuisine mechanicsburg

FALSE; elastic cartilage. Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. TRUE. Intercalated discs and striations are found in skeletal muscle. FALSE; found in cardiac muscle. Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations. TRUE. Most connective tissues have regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not.May 8, 2013 · A) Goblet cells. Select the correct statement regarding factors that affect the tissue repair process. A) Nutrition does not seem to influence tissue repair. B) The type of tissue injured is not an important factor. C) The health of an individual does not seem to make any difference in the speed of repair. Hyaline cartilage is the most widespread cartilage type and, in adults, it forms the articular surfaces of long bones, the rib tips, the rings of the trachea, and parts of the skull. This type of cartilage is predominately collagen (yet with few collagen fibers), and its name refers to its glassy appearance. In the embryo, bones form first as ...Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue . True. False. 7 of 10. Term. What type of tissue has intercalated discs ? cardiac muscle. hyaline cartilage. ... Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue . Which of the following is not considered connective tissue ? Don't know? 6 of 10.A) True B) False Answer: B Explanation: 41) Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. A) True B) False Answer: A Explanation: 42) Intercalated discs and striations are found in skeletal muscle. A) True B) False Answer: B Explanation: 43) Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following is not found in the matrix of cartilage but is found in bone? organic fibers lacunae blood vessels living cells, Which of the following is not a step in tissue repair? Regeneration and fibrosis. Restoration of blood supply Inflammation Formation of new stem cells, Without macrophages, wound healing is ... fibrocartilage, type of connective tissue that ... It is also involved in the repair of articular bones and cartilage. ... rapidly growing embryo. The ...Aug 19, 2019 ... However, it might also develop in supporting soft tissue, such as fat, muscle, or blood vessels. This is a rapidly growing tumor that often ...Supportive connective tissue —bone and cartilage—provide structure and strength to the body and protect soft tissues. A few distinct cell types and densely packed fibers in a matrix characterize these tissues. In bone, the matrix is rigid and described as calcified because of the deposited calcium salts.a.arms at sides b. thumbs pointed c. laterally palms turned posteriorly d. body erect, Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue True False and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Mitochondria ________.1. Introduction. Articular cartilage (AC) is a loadbearing soft tissue that overlies the interacting bony surfaces in diarthrodial joints. AC is a dense connective tissue mainly comprised of collagen, proteoglycans, organized in special zones containing special types of cells called articular chondrocytes [1,2].The biological and mechanical properties …16) Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. 17) Intercalated discs and striations are found in skeletal muscle. 18) Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations. 19) Cartilage has good regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not. 20) Squamous cells are flattened and scalelike when mature.3 main components of connective tissue: 1. Ground Substance 2. Fibers 3. Cells. Select the statement that is true concerning stem cells: a. connective tissue does not contain cells. b. connective tissue cells are nondividing. c. Chondroblast are main cells type of …Bones are made up of bone tissue. Bone tissue is made up of a central canal through which the arterial veins, lymph vessels, and nerves flow. Inside the bones is the bone marrow, where blood cells are produced. The nutritional supply of bone is therefore unquestionable, while cartilage is known as nonvascularized tissue.Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. True. False. ... Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. Choose matching definition.Start with ossification center within thickened region of mesenchyme (osteoid and osteoblast) and then the osteoid undergoes calcification and tehn the woven bone and periosteum form and is replaced by compact and spongy bone. bone growth within cartilage that creates most bones. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like ...Tissues like bone and cartilage are remodeled dynamically for their functional requirements by signaling pathways. The signals are controlled by the cells and extracellular matrix and transmitted through an electrical and chemical synapse. Scaffold-based tissue engineering therapies largely disturb the natural signaling pathways, due …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Nervous tissue consists mainly of neurons and collagen fibers. True False, Which statement best describes connective tissue? a. primarily concerned with secretion b. always arranged in a single layer of cells c. usually lines a body cavity d. usually contains a large amount of matrix, Matrix is composed of ________. a. all ...A) True B) False Answer: B Explanation: 41) Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. A) True B) False Answer: A Explanation: 42) Intercalated discs and striations are found in skeletal muscle. A) True B) False Answer: B Explanation: 43) Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations.The healing response of muscle is which of the following? A. The same as bone B. Less than ligaments C. Similar to cartilage D. Greater than bone, ligament, or cartilage; Which connective tissue has a fluid matrix? a. Loose connective. b. Cartilage. c. Blood. d. Dense connective. Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue proper?Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. (T/F) True. Cartilage has good regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not. (T/F)The statement that cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue is true. Cartilage, particularly hyaline cartilage, is avascular, meaning it lacks its own blood supply. The absence of blood vessels slows down the delivery of nutrients and removal of waste products, which are essential processes in tissue repair and regeneration.Because of the lack of blood supply to cartilage, (a new technique to hasten healing of injuries is to introduce fresh blood flow into the area) whereas the marrow in bones actually produce red ...Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. Answer: TRUE. 81. A major characteristic of fibrocartilage is its unique amount of flexibility and elasticity. Answer: TRUE ... Elastic cartilage tissue is found in the walls of …true. the elbow is proximal to the shoulder. false (it is distal) The serous membrane that lines the peritoneum cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum. False (peritoneum) A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction. true. the right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach. false.Ligaments. 10-12 weeks. Cartilage. ~12 weeks. Nerve. 3-4 mm/day. Muscle Healing Considerations: Muscle has a rich blood supply, which is why it is the fastest healing tissue listed above. The circulatory system provides … a.arms at sides b. thumbs pointed c. laterally palms turned posteriorly d. body erect, Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue True False and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Mitochondria ________. Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue True or False? True. What is responsible for the dermal ridges that produce whorled ridges on the ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Brown fat is frequently deposited between the shoulder blades of infants., Achilles was wounded by damage to the tendon connecting his calf muscles to his heel. This and all tendons are composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue., Macrophages are found in areolar and lymphatic tissues. and more. Cartilage has many functions, including the ability to resist compressive forces, enhance bone resilience, and provide support on bony areas where there is a need for flexibility. The primary cell that makes cartilage is the chondrocyte, which resides within the lacunae. The matrix of cartilage consists of fibrous tissue and various combinations of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans ...Cartilage Tissue Tends to Heal Less Rapidly than Bone Tissue. Cartilage, the flexible connective tissue that cushions our joints, is a remarkable substance. It provides support and allows smooth movement, but when it gets injured, it doesn’t heal as quickly as bone tissue.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage., Brown fat is frequently deposited between the shoulder blades of infants., Achilles was wounded by damage to the tendon connecting his calf muscles to his heel. This and all tendons are composed mainly of …5. medullary cavity - hollow area within long bones (marrow cavity) 6.periostium/endostium - connective tissue found on the outer surface and inner surface of hallow bones; contains osteogenic mesenchymal stem cells. 7. articular cartilage - cap of hyaline cartilage found at ends of bones articulating with other bones.Because of the lack of blood supply to cartilage, (a new technique to hasten healing of injuries is to introduce fresh blood flow into the area) whereas the marrow in bones actually produce red ...Background. Bone, cartilage, and soft tissue injury are common clinical conditions that can severely impair function and limit the quality of life [1–3].Although the field of tissue engineering has rapidly developed, thus providing promising means of adequately repairing tissue damage, soft tissue defects, particularly large-area tissue injuries or …Articular cartilage contains fewer chondrocytes and is embedded as separate cells in a distinct ECM with more collagen crosslinks than growth plate cartilage . Mature articular cartilage has a banded organization that divides into a calcified layer, a deep layer, and a calcified layer from the articular cartilage surface toward the bone.Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. True. Which of the following are survival needs of the body? Nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and ...1. Introduction. Articular cartilage (AC) is a loadbearing soft tissue that overlies the interacting bony surfaces in diarthrodial joints. AC is a dense connective tissue mainly comprised of collagen, proteoglycans, organized in special zones containing special types of cells called articular chondrocytes [1,2].The biological and mechanical properties …Key Points. Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue that differs from bone in several ways; it is avascular and its microarchitecture is less organized than bone. Cartilage is not …true/false elastic cartilage tissue is found in the walls of the large arteries ... true/false cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. true ...Bones are made up of bone tissue. Bone tissue is made up of a central canal through which the arterial veins, lymph vessels, and nerves flow. Inside the bones is the bone marrow, where blood cells are produced. The nutritional supply of bone is therefore unquestionable, while cartilage is known as nonvascularized tissue.34) Elastic cartilage tissue is found in the walls of the large arteries that leave the heart. 34) 35) Aging tends to increase bony spread within the body as chondrocytes die. 35) 36) Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally until the cell ruptures. 36) 37) Salivary glands exhibit simple ... Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. 41) _____ Intercalated discs and striations are found in skeletal muscle. 42) _____ Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations. 43) _____ Cartilage has good regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not. 44) _____ During the process of bone healing, the mechanical properties of the newly forming extracellular matrix (that is, the extracellular matrix generated by the haematoma, granulation tissue, cartilage ... Closely packed bundles of collagen fibers are characteristics of loose connective tissues. Dense connective tissue is dominated by collagen fibers Dense irregular connective tissue has a high portion of elastic fibers Loose connective tissue includes cartilage, Select the correct statement regarding tissue repair. The lack of active blood flow is the major reason any injury to cartilage takes a long time to heal. Cartilage has no nerve innervation, and hence there is no sensation when it is injured or damaged. When there …True or False: Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. True Choose which tissue would line the uterine (fallopian) tubes and function as a "conveyer belt" to …Here, we assessed bone tissue protein synthesis rates directly by measuring the incorporation of infused L-[ring-13 C 6]-Phenylalanine in the bone tissue protein pool of a variety of bone tissue samples. Bone tissue protein synthesis rates ranged between 0.02 and 0.03%/h (Fig 3). These data indicate that bone tissue may possess a much greater ...True or False: Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. True Choose which tissue would line the uterine (fallopian) tubes and function as a "conveyer belt" to …34) Elastic cartilage tissue is found in the walls of the large arteries that leave the heart. 34) 35) Aging tends to increase bony spread within the body as chondrocytes die. 35) 36) Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally until the cell ruptures. 36) 37) Salivary glands exhibit simple ...Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. True. Intercalated discs and striations are both characteristics of skeletal muscle. False.Bone cells \textbf{Bone cells} Bone cells called osteocytes are located in lacunae, that are situated in lamelae, thin layers of bone tissue that form concentric patterns around the parallel longitudinal canals called central canals \textit{central canals} central canals. Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. T/F. True. Blood is considered a type of connective tissue. T/F. Endocrine. Which system controls the ... Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. 41) _____ Intercalated discs and striations are found in skeletal muscle. 42) _____ Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations. 43) _____ Cartilage has good regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not. 44) _____True or False: Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. True Choose which tissue would line the uterine (fallopian) tubes and function as a "conveyer belt" to …Bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration is a complex spatiotemporal process recruiting a variety of cell types, whose activity and interplay must be precisely mediated for effective healing post-injury. Although extensive strides have been made in the understanding of the immune microenvironment processes governing bone, …Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. True The basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissue is in the amount of elastic fibers and adipose cells present.In summary, injectable hydrogels can support bone repair, remodeling, and regeneration. Hydrogels, either from synthetic or natural origin, have been used in bone tissue engineering. In the last decades, the combined use of hydrogels with other scaffold types has fostered bone tissue regeneration [ 322 ].Introduction. Cartilage and subchondral bone damage can be caused by a variety of conditions, such as trauma, arthritis, and sports-related injuries. 1,2, 3,4 It has been reported that 60% of patients examined by knee arthroscopy exhibit cartilage damage, and ~15% of people over 60 years old have some clinical symptoms of such …1st Edition • ISBN: 9780328925124 Joseph S. Levine, Kenneth R. Miller. 1,773 solutions. Find step-by-step Biology solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. True or false..True or False: Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. True Choose which tissue would line the uterine (fallopian) tubes and function as a "conveyer belt" to help move a fertilized egg towards the uterus.Elastic cartilage tissue is found in the walls of the large arteries that leave the heart. True. T or F ... Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. True. T or F Cartilage has good regenerative capacity, while most …true/false elastic cartilage tissue is found in the walls of the large arteries ... true/false cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. true ...May 16, 2020 · Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. Intercalated discs and striations suggest the presence of skeletal muscle. Squamous cells are flattened and scalelike when mature. Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which tissue is correctly paired with its primary immature cell type?, Which types of cell junctions are needed in a mucosal membrane, such as the digestive tract, to keep the digestive enzymes, juices, and bacteria from leaking out?, Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. and more. Embryonic Connective Tissue. All connective tissues derive from the mesodermal layer of the embryo. The first connective tissue to develop in the embryo is mesenchyme, the stem cell line from which all connective tissues are later derived.Clusters of mesenchymal cells are scattered throughout adult tissue and supply the cells needed …true/false. blood is considered a type of connective tissue. true. true/false. nervous tissue consists mainly of neurons and collagen fibers. false; mainly of neurons and supporting cells (glial cells) Salivary glands exhibit simple tubuloalveolar glandular arrangement. False. Study Guide Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free.Aug 28, 2023 · Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage., Endothelium covers and lines internal cavities such as the pleural and peritoneal cavities., Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. and more. Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. (T/F) True. Cartilage has good regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not. (T/F)Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. True. Which of the following are survival needs of the body? Nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and ...It tends to occur mostly in children and young adults. b. Ewing Sarcoma. It usually grows in the bones or the soft tissue around the bones, such as cartilage or ... Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. true or false. True. False. 1 of 60. Term. ... cartilage tissue. hyaline cartilage. areolar tissue. 4 of ... Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue True False True A from CHM 130 at Chandler-Gilbert Community College. AI Homework Help ... Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone. Doc Preview. Pages 51. Identified Q&As 100+ Solutions available. Total views 78. Chandler-Gilbert Community College. CHM . CHM … Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? - The cutaneous membrane is a dry membrane exposed to air. - Serous membranes line body cavities and organs. - Mucous membranes line exits and entrances to the body. - The cutaneous membrane is made of a simple columnar epithelium, Which of the following is a dry membrane exposed to ... Matrix similar to but less firm than that in hyaline cartilage; thick collagen fibers predominate. ... Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. Key Points. Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue that differs from bone in several ways; it is avascular and its microarchitecture is less organized than bone. Cartilage is not innervated and therefore relies on diffusion to obtain nutrients. This causes it to heal very slowly. Unlike the healing of a skin wound, the defect caused by a fracture is repaired not by a fibrous “scar” tissue but by specialised bone-forming tissue so that, under favourable circumstances, the bone is restored nearly to normal. 7.9.1 Stages in Fracture Healing (Bone Regeneration) (Fig. 7.2) Stage 1: Haematoma formation. Immediately ...Which of the following is NOT found in cartilage but is found in bone? a. organic fibers b. lacunae c. living cells d. blood vessels. d. blood vessels. True or False: Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. True. Choose which tissue would line the uterine (fallopian) tubes and function as a "conveyer belt" to help move a ...Elastic cartilage tissue is found in the walls of the large arteries that leave the heart. - TRUE. Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. - TRUE. Intercalated discs and striations are both characteristic of skeletal muscle. - FALSE. A smooth muscle cell has a central nucleus but lacks striations. -TRUEFeb 18, 2023 ... ... bone/cartilage, skin, periodontal, urinary bladder, and trachea tissues. ... less amount of elastic tissue. ... heal slowly, or heal but tend to ...Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. true or false. True. False. 1 of 60. Term. ... cartilage tissue. hyaline cartilage. areolar tissue. 4 of ...ligaments, tendons, articular cartilage, joint capsules, muscles and bone. ... Bone is dynamic tissue. ... Older animals may have less bone mass than younger ones, ...

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like True/False The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage., True/False Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue., True/False Cartilage has good regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not. and more. . Tractor salvage yard near me

cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue

Which of the following is NOT found in cartilage but is found in bone? ... Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. True. False. 14 of 20. Term. 1. Introduction. Bone is a mineralized connective tissue that exhibits four types of cells: osteoblasts, bone lining cells, osteocytes, and osteoclasts [1, 2].Bone exerts important functions in the body, such as locomotion, support and protection of soft tissues, calcium and phosphate storage, and harboring of bone marrow [3, 4].Despite its inert … The first step in tissue repair involves _____. A)inflammation . A)are mature cartilage cells located in spaces called lacunae. B)remain in compact bone even after the epiphyseal plate closes. C)within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix. D)never lose their ability to divide Cartilage Tissue Tends to Heal Less Rapidly than Bone Tissue. Cartilage, the flexible connective tissue that cushions our joints, is a remarkable substance. It provides support and allows smooth movement, but when it gets injured, it doesn’t heal as quickly as bone tissue.Cartilage Tissue Tends to Heal Less Rapidly than Bone Tissue. Cartilage, the flexible connective tissue that cushions our joints, is a remarkable substance. It provides support and allows smooth movement, but when it gets injured, it doesn’t heal as quickly as bone tissue.Basic studies have also established that the healing pattern in this type of tissue healing resembles the physiological steps known from de novo bone formation : after the formation of a blood clot, the invasion of osteoprogenitor cells, and their differentiation into osteoblasts, the extracellular matrix (ECM) subsequently mineralizes …True or False: Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. True Choose which tissue would line the uterine (fallopian) tubes and function as a "conveyer belt" to help move a fertilized egg towards the uterus.Here, we use bone regeneration successes to highlight cartilage regeneration challenges, namely selecting appropriate cell sources and scaffolds, …Which of the following is NOT found in cartilage but is found in bone? a. organic fibers b. lacunae c. living cells d. blood vessels. d. blood vessels. True or False: Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. True. Choose which tissue would line the uterine (fallopian) tubes and function as a "conveyer belt" to help move a ...... bone. The free gingival margin is defined as the ... less than. 1 mm of attached gingiva, but the ... tissue than well-aligned or lin- gually-positioned teeth.One reason bone heals faster than cartilage is due to the differences in their cellular makeup. Bone is composed of cells called osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are responsible for building and maintaining the bone tissue. These cells are highly active and are able to rapidly respond to injury or damage, producing new bone tissue to …Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. Page Ref: 134. Intercalated discs and striations are found in skeletal muscle. Page Ref: 138. Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations. Page Ref: 13 8. Most connective tissues have regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not. Page Ref: 118Cartilage is a strong, flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and bones. It acts as a shock absorber throughout your body. Cartilage at the end of your bones reduces friction and prevents them from rubbing together when you use your joints. It’s also the main tissue in some parts of your body and gives them their structure and ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Under a microscope you observe a tissue that appears to have long fibers that appear striated. The nuclei are pushed off to the side of the fibers. The tissue looks very vascular. What type of tissue are you observing?, Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue., Which of the following does NOT describe a ...Explanation: The reason that bone injuries heal faster than cartilage injuries is because of the ability of bone cells to respond to injuries and start dividing to repair the injury. Cartilage cells tend to be rather inactive once bone has fully grown and the chondrocytes (specialised cells that live within cartilage) do not respond….Bone broth is a nutrient-dense liquid made by simmering animal bones and connective tissue in water for an extended period of time. It has been used for centuries as a healing reme...16) Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. 17) Intercalated discs and striations are found in skeletal muscle. 18) Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations. 19) Cartilage has good regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not. 20) Squamous cells are flattened and scalelike when mature. Elastic cartilage tissue is found in the walls of the large arteries that leave the heart. True. Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. True. Elastic cartilage. - Contains a network of elastic fibers. - Elastic fibers help maintain shape after deformations. - Located in the auricle of the ear and epiglottis. Bone Tissue Functions. - Supporting framework for the body. - Predicting soft tissues e.g. cranial bones protect the brain, vertebrae protect the spinal cord, and the rib cage ....

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